Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa 2 (JEB2)
Gene or Region: LAMA3
Reference Variant: no change in LAMA3
Mutant Variant: 6,589 bp deletion
Affected Breeds: American Saddlebred
Research Confidence: High - Findings reproduced multiple studies
Explanation of Results: jeb2/jeb2 = homozygous for Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa Type 2, trait expressed jeb2/n = heterozygous for Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa Type 2, carrier n/n = no variant detected
JEB2 in American Saddlebreds: Understanding Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa & LAMA3 Mutation
Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa 2 (JEB2), also known as red foot disease or hairless foal syndrome, results in the inability to produce the proteins needed to keep the skin on the body. Affected foals exhibit symptoms within days of birth, including blisters at the pressure points, detachment of the hooves, and oral ulcers. As there is no treatment, affected foals are humanely euthanized. JEB2 is an autosomal recessive condition, thus a horse must inherit two copies of the allele (jeb2/jeb2) to show any signs. Horses with only one copy of the variant (jeb2/n) are known as carriers due to their ability to produce affected foals.
Gene Information
LAMA3 is a subunit of a key component of basement membranes. Mutations in other subunits of this complex have been shown to result in JEB2 in many human populations. This particular mutation is a 6,589 bp deletion spanning exons 24-27 that disrupts the normal amino acid sequence, resulting in a truncated protein.
Carrier frequency: estimated at slightly more than 5% in American Saddlebreds
References
K. T. Graves, P. J. Henney and R. B. Ennis. Partial deletion of the LAMA3 gene is responsible for hereditary junctional epidermolysis bullosa in the American Saddlebred Horse. (2008) Animal Genetics, 40, 35–41
More Horse Health
Occipitoatlantoaxial Malformation 1
Occipitoatlantoaxial Malformation 1 (OAAM1) is an inherited developmental condition predominantly found in Arabian horses, characterized by abnormal development of the cervical vertebrae leading to compression of the upper cervical cord and subsequent neurological damage.
Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy
Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM) is a glycogen storage disorder in which affected horses have chronic episodes of exertional rhabdomyolysis (“tying-up”). Acute symptoms are an unwillingness to move and muscle damage following exercise. Moderate symptoms can usually be managed through a low-sugar/starch diet and exercise.
Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy
Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy (RLN) is a disease that results in loss of the neurons that open the larynx, significantly affecting performance in Thoroughbreds and other sport horses. It is an important issue for horses in competitive events because the resultant paralysis of the larynx leads to obstruction of air flow during intense exercise, creating the abnormal inspiratory noise that gives RLN its common name: “roaring”.